Universal

In 1988, the Universals were designed to be more personalized than before. The basic structure was the same as before, based on the early 1970s Fiat. The cab was clearly more advanced than earlier. Some of the engines were new. The first updated models were 453, 533, 643, and 723. The transmissions in the new lineup included 8+2, 8+8, 12+3, or 16+4, some of which were fully synchronized.

In 1997, the improved Euroseries models were introduced. Improvements were made, for example, to the cab. However, overall development had stagnated despite the fact that Universal was privatized in 1990. New offerings only came with the 4-series in 2005. The first new models were 484, 524, and 684.

The Universals featured draft arm sensing starting with model 703. The 1033 had a 13” clutch, models 703, 733, and 833 had a 12” diameter, and the smaller ones had 11”. Four-wheel drive was implemented with a center axle and in later models there was an automatically operating front axle lock. Alongside these models, Universal also produced basic developing country versions 650M and 860, which in their home country were about 40% cheaper than models 643 and 833.

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Tractors

UTB Universal 453-1033

In the fall of 1984, the 6-cylinder Universal 850 DT and 1010 DT were introduced. The angular design of the new models resembled Fiat's 80 series. The 532 and 642, which replaced the 530 and 640 a year later, were designed in the same way. The cabin was factory-installed. The brakes were now oil-immersed disc brakes. The hydraulic output was increased, and the power take-off speed was 1000 rpm. The 850 and 1010 had a 13" clutch.

The smallest in the series was the 26-horsepower 260, which had a 1558 cm³ 2-cylinder engine and 6+2 gears. The 260, introduced in the late 1970s, was redesigned to fit the new angular model range. Production of the 260 continued into the 2000s. In the USA, models 260, 310, 360, 460, 510, and 610 manufactured by Universal were sold under the Long brand in the 1980s.

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UTB Universal 532-1010

At the end of 1981, the renewed Universals were introduced and import to Finland began. The new models featured hydrostatic steering, an almost flat-floor cab, and 12+3 gears. Four-wheel drive was implemented with a central driveshaft. The technology was closely based on the Fiat series introduced in 1969. In Finland, the Universals were fitted with cabs manufactured by Syväsen Konepaja, which were quite basic on their own (see picture). Much time was also spent on other finishing work in Finland, similarly to the Ursus tractors imported by the same importer.

In Britain, turbochargers were fitted to the 640 model, and the resulting product was sold under the name 750T. Other models in production at the same time included the 400 (42 hp), 445 and 450 (45 hp), 500 (48 hp), 500/8 (55 hp), 550 (55 hp), and 600 (64 hp).

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UTB Universal 530-640

In the mid-1960s, UTB signed a licensing agreement to manufacture Fiat tractors, which got underway in 1970. Initially, a large portion of the parts were imported from Italy, but gradually the tractors became entirely Romanian. At that time, the tractors were visually identical to the Fiats.

In 1974, a new model series 445/500/550 was introduced, featuring partially synchronized transmissions. Depending on the version, there were 6+2, 8+2, 9+3, or 12+3 gears, with the latter two including a relatively fast crawling gear range. The 550 model had a dual clutch. Like the Fiats, four-wheel-drive DT models were offered. Alongside these were corresponding crawler tractor models and the 445 HCP, which had adjustable ground clearance ranging from 127 to 161 cm. In some countries, the model 400 was marketed as a power-restricted version of the 445. The 600, in turn, was a parallel model to the 640.

In many countries, the cab used was the British Duncan. However, Sweden soon switched to a domestic cab, with a reported noise level of 81.5 dB. At the end of the 1970s, a more powerful 640 model was introduced, whose four-wheel-drive version featured hydrostatic steering. In 1981, the series was supplemented by a 3-cylinder 530 (50 hp).

The technical specifications correspond to the models sold in Sweden and Germany. More powerful parallel models were also sold under the same model numbers: 445/45 hp, 500/54 hp, and 550/55 hp.

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UTB Universal 300-640

Here is the translation of the text to English:

Romanian I.A.R manufactured airplanes until World War II. In 1946, the first Romanian tractor, the IAR 22, was introduced, which was largely a copy of the Hanomag. In 1948, the name became the Brasov Tractor Factory, also known as UTB. Larger production volumes were reached in 1957 with the introduction of the 45-horsepower diesel tractor UTB-450, which was a licensed production of the MTZ-5 tractor.

In 1963, the 65-horsepower U-650, developed in Romania, went into mass production; it was equipped with a 4.8-liter direct injection diesel engine. A couple of years later, the four-wheel-drive U-651 was introduced alongside it. The gearbox had 10+2 speeds with a mechanical power shift. The power take-off was independent of the clutch, and as an additional feature, there was a live power take-off. The four-wheel-drive model's driveshaft was located on the left side, and ground clearance was only 32 cm. Rear-wheel drive was also available American-style, with front wheels placed side-by-side under the frame. Standard equipment included power steering, draft control, and a differential lock. In 1970, exports to Britain began.

In 1973, the improved U-650/651 M was introduced. It featured a renewed D-110 type engine with a Bosch fuel injection pump and, in the four-wheel-drive model, a Fiat driven axle. The appearance was unified to match the smaller angular models. The parallel model was the tracked tractor S-650. The U-650/651 M were in production until the early 1990s. Smaller models from the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s included the U-520 (52 hp) and U-450 (45 hp). The bigger brother of the 651 was the 800 (80 hp), which, aside from the gearbox, used the same basic technology.

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UTB Universal U-650 – 800

The successful model of the Minsk tractor factory, the MTZ-5, entered production in 1956. Its innovations included, among others, a power take-off independent of the driving clutch and a hydraulic lifting device equipped with external cylinders. The MTZ-5 was manufactured under license in many countries. One of the most significant was Romania, where production started in 1957 under the name Utos 45. In export markets, for example in France, the name Universal U-450 was used.

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Utos 45 / Universal U-450

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