Volvo BM

The BM Volvo T 600 was introduced in 1967 as the successor to the Boxer 350. It featured a Volvo 3-cylinder engine that had been increased and strengthened to 3.8 liters, with a power output of 62 hp (66 hp SAE). The transmission was similar to its predecessor's. It had 10+2 gears and a clutch diameter of 13 inches.

Its appearance was modern and angular, similar to the larger T 800. Initially, the cab was a basic Klippan model, but the later Klippan was quiet for its time and had a large window area.

The Terra-Trol hydraulic system had been improved. The hydraulic flow was 40.5 liters per minute, but the 15-liter oil capacity was insufficient for long use. Despite extended lift arms, the lift height of the lift unit was unusually low, and there was no standard mounting bracket for front weights.

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Tractors

BM Volvo T 600

At the beginning of 1979, the 2600 series, which replaced the 800 series, focused especially on comfort. The new Volvo own cabin was equipped with air conditioning, and many functions were implemented electrically or hydraulically. The quick shift was now standard, but the non-synchronized transmission was becoming seriously outdated technology. In Finland, only the turbo model 2650/2654 (140 hp) was sold. The successor to the T 800, the 2600 (106 hp), was intended only for developing countries, and a parallel model with its cabin, the 2650S, was sold only in Sweden. The 2650S came about when exports to Arab countries dried up and the 2600 remained unsold. The S models lacked the quick shift, and the engagement of the PTO and the differential lock were mechanical.

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Volvo BM 2650 – 2654

The T 500 was replaced by the renewed 2200-series models at the end of 1978. Now, two power classes were available: 56 and 68 hp. Also new was a four-wheel-drive model, which featured a Japanese Kimco front axle. The four-wheel drive was engaged electro-hydraulically. The cab was similar to that of the T 500, the engine was Perkins, and the transmission and rear axle were from International. The gearbox was synchronized except for the range selector, and the layout of the gear lever was British-style, i.e., positioned on the left side. The 11" clutch in the 2200 had 4 sintered friction plates, while the 2250 had six. The brakes now had oil separate from the hydraulic fluid, which reduced previous problems. Draft sensing was done through the draft arms. Surprisingly, in a test of 10 tractors by the Swedish National Machinery Testing Institute, the heater of the 2250 was the weakest performer in the test.

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Volvo BM 2200 – 2254

The Iso BM Volvo T 800 was introduced in 1966 as the successor to the Bison 470. When it came to market, it had a very modern appearance. The T 800's engine was a new 5.1-liter six-cylinder with a power output of 94 hp. The T 800 was equipped with a 14" clutch, drawbar sensing, power take-off, and alternator. The cabin was manufactured by Hara and was nowhere near as good as the later one in the T 650.

The turbo model T 810 and its four-wheel-drive version T 814 were introduced in 1969. They had 113 hp. Power was increased in 1972 (various versions of power ratings have been reported in different sources). In 1975, the engine grew to 5.5 liters and power increased to 106 and 136 hp. An overdrive gear later became an optional extra for the rear-wheel-drive models. The front axle of the T 814 came from Volvo’s four-wheel-drive loaders.

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Volvo BM T 800 – T 814

In the summer of 1970, the T 600 was replaced by the improved T 650 in many respects. The engine was a new 4-cylinder 4.2-liter unit with 73 horsepower (a couple of years later, the power was increased to 78 hp). The hydraulics were more efficient than before, and the steering was hydrostatic. The biggest innovation, however, was the advanced, thin-sheet metal construction and quiet cabin, which was a completely separate unit from the rest of the tractor. The quick gear shift was initially a standard feature and later, after the T 600 was discontinued, it became an optional extra. Other standard features included telescopic hitch ends, adjustable steering wheel tilt, and power take-off. The T 650 was at the time a very heavy tractor, nearly 4000 kg.

The brand name changed from BM Volvo to Volvo BM in 1973. In the spring of 1975, the Terra Trol II hydraulics with hitch sensing was introduced.

In the spring of 1976, a turbo version of the T 650 was introduced, named the T 700. The transmission was also strengthened to handle 90 hp, and lifting capacity was increased (also for the T 650). A four-wheel drive model never came to be, and production of the T 650 and T 700 ended in 1982. A total of just over 30,000 of these tractors were made.

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Volvo BM T 650 – T 700

There was a fairly large gap between the T 430 and the T 650, which was filled in the spring of 1974 by the T 500 model. The new model featured an International transmission and a Perkins 3860 cm³ engine with an output of 61 hp. The gearbox was IH’s synchronized 8+4, and the gear levers were also on the left side, following IH’s design. The TracTrol quick shift was an optional extra. The cab was similar in design to the box-structure type of the T 650 and ergonomically top-notch for its time. Notable technical features included hydrostatic steering, push-rod sensing, a 12” single-plate clutch, and adjustment of the right lift arm from the cab.

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Volvo BM T 500

The 42.5-horsepower BM Volvo Buster was updated in 1969 to the T 430 model. The Perkins 3-cylinder engine remained unchanged, but the appearance was angular like the larger T 600 and T 800 models. The hydraulics, independent of the driving clutch, were more powerful than before, and a new hydraulic quick-shift, Trac Trol, was available as an option. The engine power was increased to 44.5 horsepower in 1972. The front axle of the T430 was 40% stronger than that of the Buster, and in addition, there was also a Special model of the T 430 equipped with a stronger, adjustable front axle. The cabin was made by Fernmo and was considerably more basic than other Volvos.

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Volvo BM T 430

More from this manufacturer

Volvo bought Bolinder-Munktell in 1950. After that, tractors with essentially the same basic structure were manufactured both as petrol engine red Volvos and as glow-plug or diesel engine green BMs. The 20-series Volvos were, among other things, comparable in powertrain to the glow-plug engine BM 10.

The 20-series Volvos were petrol-powered, except for the most powerful model T23, which was gasoline-powered only. The T22 and T23 had larger wheels than the T21, and the hydraulic lifting device was initially an optional extra, later becoming standard. The hydraulics were independent of the clutch.

In 1952, the improved Volvo T24 and T25, as well as the green parallel models BM 24 and 25, were introduced. So now even the BMs had switched from glow-plug engines to petrol engines. The engines were increased to 2.2 liters. The wheels were larger than before, and the wheelbase was extended to 177 cm.

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Volvo T 21-25/BM 24-25

In 1949, the middle-class petrol-powered Volvo T 31 was introduced, followed a year later by the petrol-powered T 32. Alongside these came the corresponding T 33 and T 34 models, which featured narrower but taller rear wheels and an adjustable front axle track width. Between 1954 and 1957, a small number of the same models were also produced under the BM brand.

The engine was a 4-cylinder 3.5-liter. There were 5+1 gears, and the road speed was nearly 30 km/h. The 12-inch clutch was generously sized relative to the engine power. The rear axle was of the portal type, which allowed for good ground clearance. The hydraulic lift was initially an optional accessory. There was no weight transfer system, and the power take-off (PTO) stopped when the clutch was used. There was no differential lock.

In 1952, BM introduced its first diesel tractors, the BM 35 and 36. These were based on the T 31-34 models, but the engine was a new 3-cylinder Bolinders direct injection diesel. The electrical system was 12 volts. For the year 1954, the corresponding models were also added to the Volvo lineup, painted red. The Volvo brand was mainly significant in export markets; of the 12,700 tractors produced, over 10,000 were BMs.

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Volvo T 31-36/BM 31-36

Based on the Volvo T 46 introduced in 1946, the T 55 was developed in 1953 and was sold both as a red Volvo and a green BM. The engine was a new Bolinders direct-injection diesel. A fourth cylinder had been added to the 3-cylinder version introduced the previous year, resulting in a 4.5-liter, 57-horsepower engine. It had 5+1 gears and a 14-inch clutch. Later models featured a differential lock. Unlike the previous model, power steering brakes were standard. The powerful 55 was popular, among other things, in earthmoving work.

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Volvo T 55/BM 55

The BM 230 Victor and its red sister model, the Volvo T 230, were introduced in 1955 as successors to the old 20 series. The basic structure was taken directly from the predecessors. The hydraulics had been enhanced, but there was no power take-off system. The engine was a 2-cylinder Bolinder diesel. The engine was said to be very durable. The maximum torque was already achieved at 800 rpm. Initially, the power was 29 hp, and from 1958 onwards, it was 31 hp. At the same time, the gears were slowed down and the lifting capacity was increased.

From 1960 onwards, the Victors were red in color.

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BM 230 Victor/Volvo T 230

In 1956, the Volvo T 15 Krabat and its sister model BM 15 Terrier were introduced. The gasoline engine was the 1.4-liter from the PV 444 passenger car. The following year, the engine was replaced with a 1.6-liter, and the model designation became Volvo T 425 and BM 425. There were 4 forward gears and 1 reverse gear. The road speed was nearly 30 km/h. A differential lock was standard equipment. The tractor's design was long and low. There was a separate oil tank for the hydraulics. The three-point hitch operated independently of the clutch.

In 1961, the Terra Trol power shift system and 5-speed transmission were introduced. The BMs were initially green in color, and from 1960 onwards, red.

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BM 425 Terrier/Volvo T 425 Krabat

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As the successor to the BM 55 introduced in 1952, the Volvo T 470 Bison was introduced in the autumn of 1959. In some countries, the tractor was also sold under the name BM 470. The difference compared to the Volvo was the engine painted green. The engine had grown to 5.0 liters, and the 73-horsepower tractor was advertised as one of the most powerful tractors in the world. There was no more powerful tractor on the Finnish market. It had 5+1 gears. In terms of technology, the Bison was in many ways simpler than the smaller Boxer.

In 1963, the torque increased. The hydraulics were also developed over the years. The latest models' Terra-Trol hydraulics were already similar to the T 800’s and with a lifting capacity of 1470 kg, it was possible to lift a 4-share plow. There was also a rare four-wheel-drive model of the Bison, the T 471. The same series also included the tractor dumper T 473.

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BM Volvo T 470 – T 471 Bison

After Volvo acquired BM, the same tractors were manufactured both in dark green as BMs and in red as Volvos. In some models, the difference was also that BMs had semi-diesel or diesel engines, while Volvos had carburetor engines. In 1959, a new tractor factory was established in Eskilstuna, and the model ranges were unified. Both brands had Bolinder diesels, although in BM tractors the engine was green in color.

The BM Volvo T 350 Boxer, introduced in spring 1959, replaced the earlier BM T35/36 model. As the model number suggests, the new tractor had 3 cylinders and a power output of just over 50 hp. The torque figure is still respectable in its power class even today. The transmission had 10 forward gears and 2 reverse. The clutch was 13 inches in diameter, meaning it was generously sized. The power take-off was independent of the driving clutch. A differential lock was standard equipment. The Boxer was thus a quite advanced tractor. A total of about 40,000 units were produced, the highest number in Scandinavia.

In 1961, the hydraulics were updated to Terra-Trol, which combined a stepless position control and a draft control. In 1963, the power was increased to 60 horsepower.

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BM Volvo T 350 Boxer

The BM Volvo Buster 320 equipped with a 3-cylinder Perkins swirl chamber diesel was introduced in 1960 as the smallest model in the lineup, positioned below the Boxer 350 and Bison 470. It replaced the 425 Terrier, which had a gasoline engine. The Buster’s diesel engine was a 2.5-liter with an output of 37 hp. The production program still included a 1.8-liter, 37-horsepower gasoline version. There were 5+1 gears. A dual clutch was available as an optional extra. A limited-slip differential was standard equipment.

In 1964, the updated Buster 400 was introduced, with a power output of 47 hp SAE. The number of gears increased to 8+2, and the transmission was called the Volvo Viking K 13. The brakes were changed to disc brakes. The wheelbase was noticeably longer than before, and the tires grew larger. The Terra-Trol hydraulics remained mostly unchanged. The lifting capacity was initially stated as 1050 kg and later 1250 kg. A few hundred Busters were assembled in Porvoo at the Fiskars factory for the Finnish market.

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BM Volvo Buster 320-400

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